Pile driving hammer and boulder breaker, rock seating tool



y 3, 1965 v. J. FIORE 3,194,32

PILE DRIVING HAMMER AND BOULDER BREAKER, ROCK SEATING TOOL Filed 00;.15, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 I l II. 1 as -55 -50A so mi; rq 1 nfmf TINVENTOR. 3 I i g Vmcenf J. Flore ATTORNEY July 13, 1965 v. J. FIORE3,194,328

PILE DRIVING HAMMER AND BOULDER BREAKER, ROCK SEATING TOOL Filed Oct.15, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 w d 'd A w B 5 m M.-

O 5 \\|.I P a 6 ll, Llllli \\B I/ I f I July 13, 1965 v. J. FIORE PILEDRIVING HAMMER AND BOULDER BREAKER, ROCK SEATING TOOL Filed Oct. 15,1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG.9

United States Patent 3,194,328 FILE DRIVING HAMMER AND BOULDER BREAKER,ROCK SEATING T081.

Vincent J. Fiore, New York, N.Y., assignor to Foundation Specialties,Inc New York, N.Y., a corporation Filed Oct. 15, 1962, Ser. No. 230,36718 Claims. ((Jl. 175-92) This invention relates in general to the piledriving art, and more specifically to a combination pile driving hammerand boulder breaker, rock seating tool adapted for driving and/ orclearing away obstructions when driving open end piles having ram typedriving tips or shoes.

In pile driving, although one of the oldest known operation in the fieldof building and construction and dating back to early time, it is stillvery difficult to estimate the cost for a particular job. Despiteimprovements over the years in rigging, pipe and driving equipment, anddespite present day technology and ability to test said formation, it isstill impossible to predict with any degree of certainty how'long itwill take to drive the necessary number of piles, or how many extrapiles will have to be driven as a result of rejected piles. Rejectionsof piles occur by damage thereto either in driving or because of theirfailure to reach the required depth. Frequent causes of such rejectionsare due to boulders, old concrete and other obstructions which areencountered in the ground. Such obstructions are of particular hazard inthe driving of open end piles.

Open end piles are generally used where the intention is to drive pilesto rock and/or to boulder-gravel formations overlying rock. Thedifliculty in driving this type of pile is that on the way down tobedrock, layers of hardpan and/or boulders are frequently encounteredwhich can result in severely damaging the pile especially when largeboulders become wedged within the pile. Such boulders can tear the pileto shreds, oftentime causing the material of the pipe to enwrap theboulder so wedged, thus rendering chopping of the boulder virtuallyimpossible.

To overcome some of the problems in driving such piles, resort has beenmade to the use of fin type and ramp type driving shoes, as disclosed inmy joint U.S. Patent No. 2,874,547. However, while these driving shoesare able to do a thorough job, still to be considered is the pipe orpile section, which itself could be driven to destruction in the eventsuch driving tip encountered any substantial resistance.

Therefore, an object of this invention is to provide a novel combinationpile driving hammer and boulder breaker and rock seating tool which isparticularly adapted for driving and/or clearing away obstructionsencountered in driving open end piles.

Another object is toprovide a tool which is adapted to cut a pocket inthe'bedrock in which the tip or shoe of the pile can be seated so as toprohibit lateral displacement thereof.

Another object is to provide a means for creating a pinned bond betweenthe pile and bedrock to prevent bottom lateral slide.

Still another object is to provide a tool which can be readily adaptedfor driving a pile section.

The foregoing objects and other features and advantages are attained inaccordance with this invention by a tool comprising an anvil which isadapted to be positioned Within the pile being driven, and which anvilis provided with depending leg segments which are adapted to projectbeyond the openings defined by the fins or cross blade of a ram or fintype driving shoe connected to the end of an open pile section.Connected to the respective projecting leg segments is' a cutting toolwhich may be detachably connected thereto by a suitable fastening means.The arrangement is such that the leg segments are sized to hug theadjacent blades of the driving shoe with an allowable clearancetherebetween for effecting relative movement therebetween. Means in theform of a driving hammer is provided for driving the anvil and connectedcutting tool in advance of the pile driving shoe so that any obstructionencountered by the pile may be cleared away without subjecting the pileor pile section itself to forces which could cause, the destructionthereof. Means are further provided for actuating the hammer means. Suchmeans may be operated either by mechanical or fluid pressure, e.g. apiston and cylinder assembly, or by gravity. In one form of theinvention disclosed, an extensible shielding means may be provided toprotect the drive actuating means in the event a water condition ispresent. In addition the cutting tool may be either concurrently oralternately used for driving a pile section either from the top or atthe bottom of the pile. If utilized to drive a pile from the topthereof, a special adaptor ring is provided for transmitting the impactforce of the anvil to the pile shell.

A feature of this invention resides in the provision that thecombination pile driving hammer and boulder breaker tool is relativelysimple in construction, easy to use, and positive in operation.

Another feature resides in the provision that the tool is renderedversatile in that it may be utilized for either driving and/or clearingaway obstacles ahead of the pile being driven.

Other features and advantages will become more readily apparent whenconsidered in view of the drawings and specification in which:

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the hammering and boulderbreaking tool of this invention, illustrated in operative boulderbreaking position.

FIG. 1A is a sectional plan along line 1A-1A of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view which is similar to that of FIG. 1,but illustrating a slightly modified embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section of another modification.

FIG. 4 illustrates a fragmentary perspective of the pile shown in place.

FIG. 5 is a detail side elevation view of the cutter tip.

FIG. 6 is a detail front view of the cutter tip.

FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the cutter tip.

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary vertical section view of another modifiedembodiment.

FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view of still another embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a detail of a bonding pin utilized to anchor the pile inaccordance with this invention FIG. 11 illustrates the tool of thisinvention utilized as a pile driving means.

FIG. 12 is a detail section, taken along line Iii-13 of FIG. 13, of aspecial adaptor for use with the tool when used as a pile driving means.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of FIG. 12.

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates the pile driving andboulder breaking, rock seating tool 20 of this invention. As shown thetool 20 is particularly adapted for use in driving an open end pile orpile section 21 which is fitted with a ram tip 22, eg of the typedisclosed in my joint US. Patent 2,874,547. Such ram tips or drive shoes22 generally comprise a ring 23 fitted to the bottom of the pile 21 andhas connected thereto wedgeshaped blades 24 disposed at right angle-s toone another.

The tool 20 for clearing obstructions, e.g. a boulder 25, encountered bysuch piles comprises an anvil 26 having a body or head portion 26A whichhas integrally connected thereto a plurality-of depending leg segments263.- In

- except thatthe anvil stiiis'prov'ided withan -integrahy connectediinperforate tubular casing S1jeXtending- .up-

the illustrated embodiment four such leg segments 263 are utilized. Eachof the leg segmentslfoB are adaptedtoproject through the respectiveopenings defined' by adjacent fin blades 24. In accordance with thisinvention V the leg segments 25B terminate ina cutting tip or edge 27.If desired the cuting tips 27 may be constructed so.

as to be detachably connected to the respective leg seg As shown, eachleg segment zB and associated cutting tip 27 is sized so as to closelyhug the blades 24 with an .allowable clearance to permit relativemovement therebetween; and each cutting tip 2.7 is provided withinclined'fa-ces 27B to define a chiseled cuting edge.

' Connected to the body portion 26A of the anvil 26,

and extending upwardly therefrom, are a pair of guide bars 29-Iwith abumper headfitl connected to the upper. endof the guide bar. Guided bythe guide bars 29. for

reciprocable movement between the anvil head 26 and the bumper head 3tlisa driving hammer 31, the hammerfilbeing provided with guidesl-otsSlAior receiving the;

guide bars 29..

V i Connected to the bumper head Btiis a piston and cylinder assembly32. As shown,'the piston rod 33 of piston 34 extends through a 'bore35inthe bumper head 39 and is connected at its end to the hammer. means 31.It will be understood that the piston '34 may be either pneu mati-callyor hydraulicallyoperated with the fluid being introduced and dischargedfrom the cylinder through conduits 36 and 37. Thus as thepiston 34 isreciprocated within the cylinder 38 the hammer 31 connected tether"pistonrod 33 will rise and fall accordingly. In doing so,

the ground by conventional driving means. In the event anobstruction isencountered, e.g. .a boulder 25, the boulder breaking tool 20 isactuated by energizing the piston and cylinder assembly 32'. Theactuation of; the

on the anvil 26 causing the cutter regs 27 thereof to break up boulder25.

to obstruction encountered in driving the same vcan be:

greatly minimized. It will be noted that the legsegments 261B hug thearea of the cross blades 2 so that regardless It is to beappreciatedthat when the". boulder breaker tool 20 is inoperation the forcespro theanvil 26' and cutting leg segmc-nt loB connected .there- 'to can'bedriven in advance ofthe pile-driving tip 22.

In operation,the open end pile 21 may be driven'intol piston 34 causesthe hammer 31to ap'ply an impact blow of thefshape of the rockor boulderencountered, the Y cutters 27 independently of each other will strikeeffectively.

The cutting tool 29 may be operated until the leg cutters 27; penetratethe ground or obstruction its full length It will be noted that thelength of the cutter,

legs 26B is such that the ground in advance of the pile is' suflicientlyprepared so'that the pile may be driven with only ordinary appliedforces.. t t Q If desired, when the pile Z1 is driven to bedrock, the

pile 21. The pin construction comprises essentially a head portion 42Asized to be received withinthe pile: 1 shell "21, and had integrallyconnectedtherewith depend ing leg portions 4215 which extend through theopen end of the: fin type driving shoe 43.

The modification of no-2 is similar to mater-Fro: 1.

.wardly' from the head portion 55%; thereof to, ;ei1close the lhammer'means 52.. A bumper head 53 f orrr s .a closure. V for the upperend of theftubular casing 511-1Extnded'. between the ranvil head'StlAand thebumperhead 53; and a through a bore 52A, in the hammer52'is'aguidlr'od fi t, V for guiding the "rise ar sen: off, the hanmercmeans" therein. 7 i

V m this, form got. the invention the hammenmeans- 52' is 1 connected todriving leads' 55 which connectto a yoke 56. 1 which in turn isconnected t-o'a' pi-ston and cylinderas-- sembly, (not; shown)located'on ,the, drivin g rig; :(not; ,shown). In operation, this formoftheinventiqn'is Sim ilar to that ofFIG; l, herein-before described;

a The embodimentbf FIG. 3isidntic'al to that of 1 1G 52 with theexception that the tubular. extension 610f the anvil 60 is provided witha pluralityaof perfoiations 6 2.; i 7 Such construction isdesirabl'efinitheueventwater is em 1 countered in the driving operation.4

. If desired theboulder breaker tool "(herein described-i 7 may bealternately use d -for driving a pi lelsection- 21; ii'lfoi convert thetool 2tloto function' as a pile driver only, an adaptor 65, .asillustrated inn1os .;1 to l3,-is required. a The adaptor 65- comprises"a ring 65A which is'jadapted to i be fitted to theupper endnoffthe pilesection-21fwhich1is to be driven. Integrally connectedwith theTringffiSAare a pair of ,cross b ars, 653;. TheIarrangementis-such that theIegsegnientsIZtEB of the anvil 26. can' be inserted through the,openings. of lthe radaptor 6sfisoi that anvil head 26 Ar'nay rest oncross-bars 653, as shown in FIG 11. Thus upon actuation; of ,the ha'mmer.31 by "a'piston: assembly 32 .or conventional drivin'g" leads, the tool20; a serves as a piledriver tor sinkingthe shell2I into the.

Should: an obstruction Qjbeuencounteredgfthe I adaptor'rin'g 65mayberemoved, and the tool20. dropped into positionwithirithe .shell 21into rock 7 ground.

tion, as shown for exampleinFIG. 1.:

mer assembly may be utilized witha number of leg sets of variable. size,-depending"on thediameterofithe pilelto;

i be driven. In thismanner-a single sized anvil lieadaml= hammer{assembly may be interchangeably used with a number ofdifferen'tsizelegsets. a Inorder to protect the piston and cylinder;assembly 32-when'such drive meansfare: directly connected to thebumper-1head'3t inthe event water is present, 'an expandible shield 74maybe providedto enclosethe piston;

. and cylinderassembly- 32-; iQAs seenain FIG.,gl,- this shield 74 maycornprise a spring 74A enclosed by a flexiblevwateir'i ,proof covering743 whichniay be ofcanvas', rubb er or like 1 material. One end 76 of,the shield is connected Qtothebumper head 33 to enclose thepistonandcylinderassembly 32. Thus as the cutting toolZO- isdriYen theshield 74isfree to. expand with the downward movement ofthe a tool.Thereforeythe piston assembly- 32is protected from i Water damage,ifwater ispresentf FIGL9 illustrates a modified'telescopin aslip-joint"therebetweem, ,Thearrangement is j sujch that as theinnermost. section 18L ihas, been giexpanded'to its; maximum extent;.the'next succeeding section'szgcoupled thereto begins tolextend, andeach succeedingsection tolj.

b e kin p i t ype,of shield; a 89. This embodimentcomprises apluralityof-expandible" V V shield sections 8 1, 82, 83,;which areadapted to nestwithin}, 7

- one another. Each section:maygbe] formedzof awn: V

springSiA, 82A," 83A, respec'tively, enclofsed in a 'flexible i covering81B, 82B, 83 B.' Adjacent sections'areaprovided with cooperatingcoupling. members 585, and, 86,10, define 71 lowing in order until theshield 80 has extended its full distance.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the tool can be readilyoperated to function as a boulder breaker and rock seating tool, oralternately as a pile driver. It is relatively simple, and easy to use.Yet it is highly effective for minimizing the rejection of pile due todestruction of the shell as a result of encountering obstructions or infailing to reach desired depth. 7 While'the instant invention has beendisclosed with reference to a particular embodiment thereof, it is to beappreciated that the invention is not to be taken as limited to all ofthe details thereof as modifications and variations thereof may be madewithout departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. Means for use in driving open end piles comprising an anvil adaptedto be disposed within the shell of the pile to be driven, said anvilhaving a plurality of cutting legs adapted to project beyond the openend of the shell, vertical guide means connected to said anvil, a bumperconnected to the upper end of said guide means, a hammer guided by saidguide means for vertical movement between said anvil and said bumperhead to impart a driving impact to said anvil, and means connected tosaid hammer to effect the raising and lowering thereof for driving saidanvil.

2. Means for clearing away obstructions encountered in driving open endpiles comprising an anvil adapted to be disposed within the shell of thepile to be driven, said anvil having a plurality of cutting legs adaptedto project beyond the open end of the shell, vertical guide meansconnected to said anvil, a bumper connected to the upper end of saidguide means, a hammer guided by said guide means for vertical movementbetween said anvil and said bumper head to impart a driving impact tosaid anvil, and means connected to said hammer to effect the raising andlowering thereof for driving said anvil, said latter means including apiston and cylinder assembly for effecting the operation of said hammerwhen an obstruction is encountered.

3. A cutting tool for cutting away rock, boulders and other obstructionsencountered in driving open end piles fitted with fin type driving tip,said tool comprising an anvil having a plurality of depending legsegments, said leg segments being arranged to pass through the openingsin said tip with an allowable clearance between the respective legsegments and the fins of said tip, said leg segments terminating in acutting edge, a hammer for driving said anvil when said tip isconfronted with an obstruction, means for imparting a reciprocatingmovement to said hammer for driving said anvil to clear saidobstruction, and means connected to said anvil for guiding the move mentof said hammer during a hammering operation thereof.

4. A cutting tool for use in open end piles fitted with an open enddriving shoe defined as a ring collar formed integrally with a pluralityof angularly disposed fin type blades, said tool comprising (a) an anvilhaving a plurality of depending log segments arranged to pass throughthe opening defined between adjacent blades of said shoe,

(h) each of said leg segmentss being sized for hugging the adjacentblades with an allowable clearance for efliecting relative movementtherebetween,

(c) a cutting tip removably connected to the end of each of said legsegments,

(d) a hammer means arranged to apply a driving force on said anvil fordriving the same to clear away any obstruction encountered by said pileduring the driving thereof,

(e) guide meansrconnected to said anvil for guiding said hammer,

(f) and means for imparting a reciprocal movement to said hammer forapplying the hammering force whereby said hammering force is applied inclearing away the obstruction and is applied primarily to the anvilthereby preventing the pile shell from being driven to destruction.

5. A cutting tool for use in open end piles fitted with an open enddriving shoe defined as a ring collar formed integrally with a pluralityof angularly disposed fin type blades, said tool comprising (a) an anvilhaving a plurality of depending leg segments arranged to pass throughthe opening defined between adjacent blades of said shoe,

(b) each of said leg segments being sized for hugging the adjacentblades with an allowable clearance for effecting relative movementtherebetween,

(c) a cutting tip removably connected to the end of each of said legsegments,

(d) a hammer means arranged to apply a driving force on said anvil fordriving the same to clear away any obstruction encountered by said pileduring the driving thereof,

(e) guide means connected to said anvil for guiding said hammer,

(f) and means for imparting a reciprocal movement to said hammer forapplying the hammering force to the anvil only when an obstruction isencountered,

(g) said latter means comprising a piston and cylinder assemblyoperatively connected to said hammer means to effect operation thereof.

6. A driving and cutting tool adapted for'use in open end piles havingsecured thereto an open end driving shoe formed as a ring collar withintegrally connected fin type crossblades, said tool comprising (a) ananvil having a body portion and a plurality of depending leg segmentsconnected thereto, each of said leg segments being arranged to passthrough an opening in the end of the pile between adjacent blades,

(h) each of said leg segments being sized for hugging the adjacentblades with an allowable clearance for effecting relative movementtherebetween,

(c) a cutting tip connected to the end of each of said leg segments,

(d) each of said leg segments and connected cutting tips havecooperating abutting shoulder portions,

(e) a fastening means for detachably connecting each of said cuttingtips to its respective leg segment,

(f) an elongated guide means connected to the body portion of said anviland arranged to extend upwardly therefrom,

(g) a hammer means mounted for reciprocal movement on said guide means,

(h) a bumper head connected to the upper end of said guide means,

(i) driving means disposed above said bumper head for effecting areciprocating movement of said hammer means so as to impart a drivingforce to said anvil and connected cutter leg segments for clearing awayany obstruct-ions encountered by said pile,

(j) and said anvil being adapted for driving the pile when saidobstructions have been cleared due to the impact action of said body onthe fin blades of said shoe.

7. The invention as defined in claim 6 wherein said driving meanscomprises (a) a piston and cylinder assembly connected to said bumper,

(0) said assembly including a piston rod connected to said hammer means,and

(c) means for introducing a fluid pressure into said assembly to effectactuation of the piston of said assembly.

8. The invention as defined in claim 6 wherein said driving meanscomprises (a) driving leads connected to said hammer means,

'(b) said, leads being adapted to be operated by a driving. rig. s t

9; A driving and cutting tool adapted for use in open end'piles fittedwithtan open end'driving shoe formed as.

a ring collar with integrally, connected fin type crossblades, said toolcomprising V (a) an anvil having a body portion and a plurality ofdepending leg segments connected thereto, each 7 1 of said leg segmentsbeing arranged to pass through a an opening in the end of the pilebetween adjacent blades, t

(b)' each of said leg segmentsbeing sized for hugging s the adjacentblade-s with an allowable clearance for effecting relativemovement'therebetween,

(c) a cuttingtip connected to the end of each of said 7 leg segments, 7I (d) a fastening means 7 a of s'aid cutting tips 'to its-respective legsegments,

(.e) aihammer' means,

(f) means for encasing said hammer means Within said pile, f

(g) said encasing ula-r extension integrally connected to the bodyportion of said anvil to'form a housingof said hammer means, 7

(h) said bumper: head being'connected to the vupper end ofsaid housing,(i) a guide rod connected between said bumper head and anvil for guidingtherebetween the rise and fall of said hammer means, and means hammermeans; 7 J V a 10. The invention'as defined in claim 9 wherein saidtubularextension is imperforate.

'for detachably connecting each for driving said means comprising anelongated tub- 11.1.The invention as defined in claim 9 wherein said,

tubular extension is perforated.

125A cutting toolfor use in 'open end piles fitted with i an open' enddriving shoedefined as a ring collar formed integrally with a pluralityofangularly disposed fin'type 1 blades, said toolcomprising 1 '(a) ananvil'having-a plurality of depending leg segments arrangedtopassthrOugh the opening defined between adjacent bladesof said shoe;(h) each of said leg segments being sized for hugging the adjacentblades withan allowable clearance for effecting relative movementtherebetween,

(c)' acutting tip removably connected to the end of each of said legsegments,

V and means connected to said hammer-to; efiect theiraisingl andlowering thereof fortapplyingai driving force torsaid (d) a hammer meansarranged to apply a driving force on said anvil for driving the same toclear away any obstruction encountered by said pile during thev'drivingthereof, i (e) guide meansconnectedto saidanvilfor guiding saidhammer, V (f) means for imparting a reciprocal movement to i said hammerfor applying the hammering force,-

(g) said latter means including a piston and cylinder assemblyoperativelyas sociated With said hammer means for actuating the same,and ,(h) a shielding meansifor'enclosing said piston and cylindermeansto protect the same against Water;

damage in 'the'event water is present. a 13; The invention as defined:inclaim 12 wherein (a) said shielding means is rendered expandible assaid V tool is driving, I

(b) said shielding'means including a coil spring, and

(c) a covering of flexible material enclosing a said spring 14. Adriving and cutting tool adapted for use in open end piles fitted withan open end driving shoe formed as a ring collar with integrallyconnected angularly disposed fin type cross-blades, said toolcomprising,

(a) an anvil having a body'portionand a plurality;

, of depending leg segments connected theretoieach of said .leg segmentsbeing arranged to pass through 1 .an op'eninginethe end-"of: the;PllrbQtWCGfl; adjacent blades,

I (h) each of saidi leg segments -being'sized forihuggin g the adjacentblades with" an :allow-ableclearance for effecting relative" movementtherebetweem g (c) a cutting tip connected to theend-of eachpf saidlegsegments, V a

' (d) each :of said ilegusegments and connected cutting tips havecooperating,abuttingj shoulder portions; 1

(e) afastening means for'detachably connecting 'each oil-saidcuttingtips.to its'respective leg segment, 1- j (1') anelongated guidemeans-connected to the body;

portion of said;anviland arranged to extend up wardly therefrom,

(g) 'a hammer 'means mountedlfo rj reciprocalfmovea ment on said guidemeans; a

- 7 (h a bumper head connected toitheuppe'rsendio f.saidl guide means, 1(i)--a piston and cylinder --bumpenhead for effecting a reciprocating'.movement ofs'aid h'ammermeansso asto'irnpart a drivingforce 1tosaidanviland-connected j cutter leg segments. for clearing awayj anyobstructions encountered" by. said pile;

(j) and' shieldimeans'enclosingsaid rp'isto'njgand cylinderassemblytoprotectthe same from water f damaged 1 1 '15. The invention as'definediin claimwherein said shielding means includes:

bumper head to impart a driyingimpacttosaidanvil} anvil forsinkingisaidpile.

17. Adriving and cuttingtool as a ring, collar with integrally;connectedang'ularlyfdis posed fin type cross blades,saidtoolgcomprising,f 2

(a)v an anvilhaving' abody 'p ortionanda pluralitypf 1dependinglegsegments connectedtheretcneach of said leg segments having acutting'tip; arranged to f pass through an openingin thegend bf thepilebetweenmadjacent blades, a

' (b) each 'oi s'aid' legse grnents being sized for hugging s theadjacent blades with angallowable clearancefor effectingrelative'movement therebetween,

; (c) an-elongated guideim'eansfconnected t'otl1e'bExiy;

portion of said *anvil andarranged ltoj.e'x"tendi up-' wardly therefrom,J I? i ment on said-guide means,

guide means,

(f) a piston and vcylinder assembly disposed above said i bumper head.for effecting a re'ciprocating movement j of, said hammer means so astoimpartad'riving-force to'said anvil and connected *cutterleg segmentsforclearing away any obstructions encountered'jby saids pile, i t i U V,.7 I (g) and shield means forrenclosing said piston and damage whereinsaidshieldingme'ans include a' plu rality of nested sectionslwhi'ch areadapted toitelescope between vinoperative nested positionand operativeextended position assembly disposed ,aboves'aid 1 adapted 'foriu se inopen i rend piles; fitted with an open end fdriving shoe formed 1 (d) 'ahammer means mountedffor reciprocal'move;

(e) a bumper head connected to the upper end of said '7 cylinderassembly to'. protect the same fro'rn water l 18. In combination, anopen end pile comprising a shell fitted with a fin type driving shoe andan anchoring pin located in the bottom of said shell for pinning thepile to rock so as to prohibit lateral displacement of said pile, saidpin comprising a head portion and a plurality of depending leg portions,said leg portions being adapted to extend beyond the end of the pile andinto a hole drilled into said rock.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 Simmons 175-23Willwerscheid et al. 173-130 Marsden 61-53.7

Curtis 175-135 Daniels 61-537 Ekin 173-126 Smith 173-131 Barrett 175-92Smith 173-127 Frederick 173-130 Gregory 175-103 CHARLES E. OCONNELL,Primary Examiner.

18. IN COMBINATION, AN OPEN END PILE COMPRISING A SHELL FITTED WITH AFIN TYPE DRIVING SHOE AND AN ANCHORING PIN LOCATED IN THE BOTTOM OF SAIDSHELL FOR PINNING THE PILE TO ROCK SO AS TO PROHIBIT LATERALDISPLACEMENT OF SAID PILE, SAID PIN COMPRISING A HEAD PORTION AND APLURALITY OF DEPENDING LEG PORTIONS, SAID LEG PORTIONS BEING ADAPTED TOEXTEND BEYOND THE END OF THE PILE AND INTO A HOLE DRILLED INTO SAIDROCK.